Wheat in the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Southern Maryland on the west of shore is finishing up flowering. If your wheat has flowered already, you have likely escaped FHB risk successfully this year. Wheat in the Northern parts (Frederick, Carroll and Harford counties) is either flowering/ will soon start flowering. The FHB risk the state is predicted to be low currently and in the next couple of days to come. If your wheat is yet to flower within this week or the next, keep an eye on the FHB forecasts. I will post updated risk commentaries, if things change over the next week.

--Nidhi Rawat, Small Grains Pathologist, University of Maryland

Much of the winter malting barley in New York reached full head emergence in the past several days when the Fusarium Risk Assessment Map (www.wheatscab.psu.edu) indicated low risk of Fusarium head blight (FHB) across the state. Maximal suppression of FHB and grain contamination by deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin results when fully emerged heads of winter malting barley are sprayed with DMI (FRAC Group 3) containing fungicides Caramba, Prosaro, or Miravis Ace (latter includes FRAC Group 7 fungicide). A heads-emerged spray with these fungicides also protects upper leaves against fungal leaf blotches, powdery mildew, and rusts. Foliar sprays of any of these three products up to seven days after head emergence may still result in significant FHB and DON suppression. We are currently observing low levels of scald and powdery mildew in winter barley.

Much of the winter wheat in New York is at boot stage and is expected to initiate flowering during the first week in June. The DMI (FRAC Group 3) containing fungicides Caramba, Prosaro, or Miravis Ace (latter includes a FRAC Group 7 fungicide) are the most effective fungicides for suppression of FHB and DON contamination when applied at flowering (emergence of yellow anthers on heads). A flowering application of these fungicide products should be based on Fusarium head blight (FHB) risk as well as the risks of powdery mildew, rusts, and fungal leaf blotches in the upper canopy based on scouting of individual fields. There is an application window of approximately 7 days from the beginning of flowering in which reasonable FHB and DON suppression can be expected. Severe powdery mildew has been observed in some mildew-susceptible varieties. Check the Fusarium Risk Assessment Tool (www.wheatscab.psu.edu) and your local weather forecast frequently as your winter wheat crop approache s heading and flowering.

--Gary Bergstrom, Extension Plant Pathologist, Cornell University

Wheat in much of central Kansas is now at the heading and flowering stages of growth that are most vulnerable for infection by Fusarium head blight. The risk is currently low for most areas of the state. The risk of severe head blight will likely increase over the next 48-72 hours as the region experiences more rainy and humid weather. You can see estimates of disease risk based on forecasted weather conditions by selecting the “48” or “72” buttons from the menu above. Growers may want to apply a fungicide to help suppress the risk of severe Fusarium head blight along with foliar diseases that are also active in the region such as stripe rust. Growers should use fungicides such as Prosaro, Caramba or Miravis Ace that are known to suppress head blight. Other fungicides provide little or no protection from head blight.

--Erick DeWolf, Plant Pathologist, Kansas State University

Welcome to the 2021 Fusarium Head Blight Prediction Center. The Prediction Center was renovated this past year and you may need to refresh your web browser to enjoy some of the new features. Please take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the locations of help documents (“?” Button), assessment date selection calendar, and model selection tools (menu button in the upper left).

The Prediction Center is currently focused on an KS, NE, MO, IL, IN, OH, MD, DE and Southeastern PA. Wheat in parts of these states likely approaching the flowering stages of growth when the crop is most vulnerable for infection by the Fusarium fungus. Currently, the risk maps indicate the risk is low in most areas of country. Recent rainy and humid weather in the Great Plains will likely increase the risk of disease in areas of KS, NE and MO. Growers in these areas should consult their local advisors for additional information about the risk of disease in their area.

--Erick DeWolf, Plant Pathologist, Kansas State University

Winter malting barley in New York ranges in development from boot stage to heads fully emerged. The Fusarium Risk Assessment Map (www.wheatscab.psu.edu) today indicates risk of Fusarium head blight (FHB) ranging from low to severe for FHB susceptible varieties that have fully emerged heads, depending on area of the state. The risk level is expected to decrease for heads emerging next week with a drier forecast for the next several days. Duration of leaf/head wetness is more important for FHB development than is the amount of precipitation. Maximal suppression of FHB and grain contamination by deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin results when fully emerged heads of winter malting barley are sprayed with DMI (FRAC Group 3) containing fungicides Caramba, Prosaro, or Miravis Ace (latter includes FRAC Group 7 fungicide). A heads-emerged spray with these fungicides also protects upper leaves against fungal leaf blotches, powdery mildew, and rusts. Foliar sprays of any of these three produc ts up to seven days after head emergence may still result in significant FHB and DON suppression. Fungicide products containing QoI (FRAC Group 11) fungicides should not be applied to headed wheat or barley as they may result in increased levels of DON in grain. We are currently observing low levels of scald and powdery mildew in winter barley.

Winter wheat in New York ranges in development from flag leaf visible to boot stage. The critical time for an FHB fungicide decision is a week or more ahead. The DMI (FRAC Group 3) containing fungicides Caramba, Prosaro, or Miravis Ace (latter includes a FRAC Group 7 fungicide) are the most effective fungicides for suppression of FHB and DON contamination when applied at flowering (emergence of yellow anthers on heads). A flowering application of these fungicide products should be based on Fusarium head blight (FHB) risk as well as the risks of powdery mildew, rusts, and fungal leaf blotches in the upper canopy based on scouting of individual fields. There is an application window of approximately 7 days from the beginning of flowering in which reasonable FHB and DON suppression can be expected. Powdery mildew is prevalent now in mildew-susceptible varieties. Check the Fusarium Risk Assessment Tool (www.wheatscab.psu.edu) and your local weather forecast frequently as your win ter wheat crop approaches heading and flowering.

--Gary Bergstrom, Extension Plant Pathologist, Cornell University

Currently the risk of Fusarium Head Blight appears to be low in the state of Maryland. In the Eastern Shore and the Southern part of the state wheat is flowering/towards the end of flowering. Growers with their wheat still flowering or are within a window of 4-5 days of flowering are still advised to keep an eye on the FHB risk forecast. In the Northern counties, we are still around 7-10 days away from flowering and wheat does not currently need FHB fungicide spray here either.

--Nidhi Rawat, Small Grains Pathologist, University of Maryland

Wheat growers in western PA should watch their crops closely for heading and flowering moving into the weekend, when very susceptible varieties will be at high risk for scab infection. If you choose to spray, target your wheat crop at early flowering. Caramba, Prosaro and Miravis Ace give good control of most leaf and head diseases, in addition to suppressing scab. Spray nozzles should be angled at 30° down from horizontal, toward the grain heads, using forward- and backward mounted nozzles or nozzles with a two directional spray, such as Twinjet nozzles. Continue to visit wheatscab.psu.edu to use the Fusarium Head Blight Prediction Center, as your fields begin to flower.

--Alyssa A. Collins, Associate Professor, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University

Wheat in much of central Kansas is now at the heading and flowering stages of growth that are most vulnerable for infection by Fusarium head blight. The risk is currently low in all areas of Kansas, but the risk may increase rapidly as frequent rain showers are excepted in many areas of central Kansas beginning May 15. Growers may want to apply a fungicide to help suppress the risk of severe Fusarium head blight along with foliar diseases that are also active in the region such as stripe rust. Growers should use fungicides such as Prosaro, Caramba or Miravis Ace that are known to suppress head blight. Other fungicides provide little or no protection from head blight.

--Erick DeWolf, Plant Pathologist, Kansas State University

Wheat in the Eastern Shore of Maryland is flowering (50% of the main tillers showing yellow anthers) or will do so in a couple of days. With no rains predicted over the next 10 days, currently the risk of Fusarium Head Blight is showing up to be low so far. No fungicides are needed to be sprayed if your wheat is currently flowering, especially if you have selected a resistant variety. Barley is already headed in this part of the state and is out of the vulnerability stage for FHB. In case the rain predictions do not turn out to be true for this week (which happens sometimes, given we are in Maryland!!), I will update my commentaries indicating so. In that case head scab fungicides (Prosaro/ Caramba/ Miravis-Ace) at wheat flowering or within 4-5 days of this stage. Up in the North on the western side of the bay, wheat is booting, and still roughly around 1-2 weeks away from flowering. Farmers in these counties (Harford, Frederick, Howard etc.) will be updated about the risk as wheat p rogresses.

--Nidhi Rawat, Small Grains Pathologist, University of Maryland

Scab risk across the majority of PA remains low early this week, a result of unseasonably cool temperatures. However, for barley that is now heading in western PA, a protective fungicide application may be advised for susceptible or very susceptible varieties. Barley growers in the northern tier of PA should keep an eye on their crops for heading as current weather forecasts predict higher risk for those areas in the near future. Check your risk level any time at www.wheatscab.psu.edu.

--Alyssa A. Collins, Associate Professor, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University