Currently the risk of Fusarium Head Blight appears to be low in the state of Maryland. In the Eastern Shore and the Southern part of the state wheat is flowering/towards the end of flowering. Growers with their wheat still flowering or are within a window of 4-5 days of flowering are still advised to keep an eye on the FHB risk forecast. In the Northern counties, we are still around 7-10 days away from flowering and wheat does not currently need FHB fungicide spray here either.

--Nidhi Rawat, Small Grains Pathologist, University of Maryland

Wheat growers in western PA should watch their crops closely for heading and flowering moving into the weekend, when very susceptible varieties will be at high risk for scab infection. If you choose to spray, target your wheat crop at early flowering. Caramba, Prosaro and Miravis Ace give good control of most leaf and head diseases, in addition to suppressing scab. Spray nozzles should be angled at 30° down from horizontal, toward the grain heads, using forward- and backward mounted nozzles or nozzles with a two directional spray, such as Twinjet nozzles. Continue to visit wheatscab.psu.edu to use the Fusarium Head Blight Prediction Center, as your fields begin to flower.

--Alyssa A. Collins, Associate Professor, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University

Wheat in the Eastern Shore of Maryland is flowering (50% of the main tillers showing yellow anthers) or will do so in a couple of days. With no rains predicted over the next 10 days, currently the risk of Fusarium Head Blight is showing up to be low so far. No fungicides are needed to be sprayed if your wheat is currently flowering, especially if you have selected a resistant variety. Barley is already headed in this part of the state and is out of the vulnerability stage for FHB. In case the rain predictions do not turn out to be true for this week (which happens sometimes, given we are in Maryland!!), I will update my commentaries indicating so. In that case head scab fungicides (Prosaro/ Caramba/ Miravis-Ace) at wheat flowering or within 4-5 days of this stage. Up in the North on the western side of the bay, wheat is booting, and still roughly around 1-2 weeks away from flowering. Farmers in these counties (Harford, Frederick, Howard etc.) will be updated about the risk as wheat p rogresses.

--Nidhi Rawat, Small Grains Pathologist, University of Maryland

Scab risk across the majority of PA remains low early this week, a result of unseasonably cool temperatures. However, for barley that is now heading in western PA, a protective fungicide application may be advised for susceptible or very susceptible varieties. Barley growers in the northern tier of PA should keep an eye on their crops for heading as current weather forecasts predict higher risk for those areas in the near future. Check your risk level any time at www.wheatscab.psu.edu.

--Alyssa A. Collins, Associate Professor, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University

In the northern counties, wheat is at heading stage with early maturing varieties approaching flowering. In the South, wheat is approaching flowering with the early maturing varieties at the flowering stage. In the eastern part of the state, wheat is at the heading stage. Currently FHB risk is predicted to be low in the state. With more showers over this weekend and late next week, FHB risk might increase. Keep checking the weather forecast and monitor FHB risk at wheatscab@psu.edu.

The recommended stage for application of fungicides on wheat is at flowering (50% of the main tillers showing yellow anthers) or within 4-7 days of that. The fungicides effective for FHB are Prosaro/ Caramba/ Miravis-Ace. The fungicide products should be applied at the full rate recommended by the manufacturers. Strobilurin containing fungicides should not be applied after flag leaf stage as they increase the risk of DON (vomitoxin) accumulation. Aerial application at a rate of 5 gallons per acre or ground application at 15 gallons per acre with 300-350 um droplet size is recommended. Spray nozzles should be angled at 30°- 45° down from horizontal, toward the grain heads, using forward- and backward mounted nozzles or nozzles with a two directional spray, such as Twinjet nozzles.

--Nidhi Rawat, Small Grains Pathologist, University of Maryland

I hope that you all are staying safe and are vaccinated by now. Wheat season of 2021 is on and we will be providing the FHB risk assessment commentaries regularly to the small grain community throughout the wheat and barley flowering season of 2021. This is the first update in the series.

Hopefully, you selected a resistant wheat variety for your planting this year after referring to the University of Maryland’s FHB evaluation of wheat varieties. A good start goes a long way in managing FHB.

Wheat in the Eastern shore of Maryland is either at jointing to heading stage and should start flowering within a week or so. Barley, however, is already heading or will be soon heading in this part of the state. It is important to note that the correct stage for spraying fungicides on wheat is at flowering (when the yellow anthers start to show on the heads), whereas on barley it is at heading (when the heads emerge from the boots). Even with some intermittent showers, the FHB risk is currently predicted to be low across the state. However, with the rain forecast for this week, the risk may soon escalate. The right fungicides for FHB are Prosaro, Miravis-Ace or Caramba at the right stage of the crop. Fungicides containing strobilurin should not be applied for control of FHB, as in multiple university research trials, strobilurin fungicides have been shown to increase DON levels in grain. On the western side of the shore in Frederick, Harford and nearby counties, wheat plants are st arting to joint, and are not at a stage prone for FHB.

--Nidhi Rawat, Small grains Pathologist, University of Maryland

Barley is now heading across the southern tier of Pennsylvania. Keep a watchful eye on your crop, and if you plan to spray for head scab, target a fungicide application when 50% of the barley stems in the field are fully headed. Caramba, Prosaro and Miravis Ace give good control of most leaf and head diseases, in addition to suppressing scab. Spray nozzles should be angled at 30° down from horizontal, toward the grain heads, using forward- and backward mounted nozzles or nozzles with a two directional spray, such as Twinjet nozzles.

Continue to visit wheatscab.psu.edu to use the Fusarium Head Blight Prediction Center for estimating your crop’s scab risk.

--Director, Southeast Agricultural Research & Extension Center Associate Professor, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology

As disease pressure continues to build across PA, be sure to watch your crop carefully for flowering to time your fungicide applications. Continue to visit wheatscab.psu.edu to use the Fusarium Head Blight Prediction Center, as your fields begin to flower. For more details on spraying for scab, visit https://extension.psu.edu/fusarium-head-scab-update

Alyssa Collins, Extension Plant Pathologist, Penn State University

For more details, go to the FHB Risk assessment tool at http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu

For the latest news and updates from the U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative, go to http://www.scabusa.org

With PA wheat now emerging from the head, many fields are on the verge of spray decisions as we see anthers popping out. Most of the state is in the “Low” risk category for Fusarium head blight infection at this time. If you choose to spray, target your wheat crop at early flowering. Caramba, Prosaro and Miravis Ace give good control of most leaf and head diseases, in addition to suppressing scab. Spray nozzles should be angled at 30° down from horizontal, toward the grain heads, using forward- and backward mounted nozzles or nozzles with a two directional spray, such as Twinjet nozzles. Continue to visit wheatscab.psu.edu to use the Fusarium Head Blight Prediction Center, as your fields begin to flower.

--Alyssa Collins, Extension Field Crops Pathologist, Penn State University

For more details, go to the FHB Risk assessment tool at http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu

For the latest news and updates from the U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative, go to https://www.scabusa.org