Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive fungal
disease of wheat that causes significant economic loss due to lower yields and
the contamination of grain with fungal toxins (mycotoxins), particularly
deoxynivalenol (DON). FHB disease spread and mycotoxin contamination has been
shown to worsen at elevated CO2, therefore, it is important to
identify climate-resilient FHB resistance. This work evaluates whether wheat
with the Fhb1 quantitative trait locus (QTL), the most widely deployed
FHB resistance locus in wheat breeding programs, provides reliable disease
resistance at elevated CO2. Near-isogenic wheat lines (NILs) derived
from either a highly FHB susceptible or a more FHB resistant genetic
background, with or without the Fhb1 QTL, were grown in growth chambers
at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (1000 ppm) CO2 conditions. Wheat
was inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and evaluated for FHB severity.
At elevated CO2, the NILs derived from more FHB-resistant wheat had
increased disease spread, greater pathogen biomass and mycotoxin contamination,
and lower rates of DON detoxification; this was not observed in wheat from a
FHB susceptible genetic background. The Fhb1 QTL was not associated with
increased disease severity in wheat grown at elevated CO2 and
provided reliable disease resistance.