Fusarium
head blight (FHB) and its associated deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of
grains are recurrent wheat production problems in subtropical, humid southern
Brazil. Cooperativa Agraria Agroindustrial from Guarapuava, PR, Brazil,
developed an integrated management system for FHB and DON by combining
pre-harvest and post-harvest strategies. The pre-harvest strategies include
genetic resistance, different sowing dates, chemical control, a regional
climate and disease monitoring network, and improved spray technology. The
post-harvest strategies include rules and standards for grain reception,
including rapid mycotoxin determination in truckloads, proper grain cleaning,
drying and storage, grain peeling, and further processing in the wheat mill.
Among the pre-harvest strategies, genetics stands out through screening
resistance of wheat genotypes against FHB and DON contamination in wheat grains
and whole grain flour (WGF). The genetic resistance approach considers
resistance type I – resistance against initial infection; type II – resistance
to pathogen spreading in spike; type III – resistance to kernel infection; type
IV – tolerance against FHB; and type V – resistance to toxins. The main
question was how to reduce mycotoxin levels in wheat grains and WGF based on
more tolerant wheat genotypes. Eight commercial cultivars and pre-commercial
genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three
replications from 2017 to 2021. The plot area was 5.1 m2, and
overhead sprinkler irrigation supplemented the natural moisture needed for
infection and disease development. Plants were artificially inoculated at
mid-anthesis by spraying a spore suspension with a concentration of 5x104
conidia/mL. The inoculum was a pool of isolates representing trichothecenes
genotypes of the Fusarium graminearum species complex occurring in the
southern Paraná state. The analysis of variance of the FHB index and DON
revealed significant effects of growing season, cultivar, as well as for the
interaction among these factors (P ≤ 0.02). Significant differences (P<0.05)
among wheat genotypes were observed in the FHB index and WGF DON. WGF DON
reduction provided by genetic resistance over seasons with less severe to more
severe epidemics ranged from 377 ppb to 82 ppb (78.2% reduction) and from 5618
ppb to 2750 ppb (51.5% reduction), respectively. This study showed that genetic
resistance was more effective in seasons with less severe FHB epidemics and is
a valuable control measure for the integrated management of FHB and DON in
southern Brazil.